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13.6% of Urban Households Were in Core Housing Need in 2016

June 22, 2018

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Based on data from Statistics Canada’s 2016 Canadian Income Survey, 1.6 million urban households, or 13.6% of all Canadian households living in urban areas, were in core housing need in 2016. This proportion was similar to that in 2015.

In 2016, Ontario was the province with the highest proportion of urban households in core housing need. Ontario, British Columbia, and Nova Scotia were the provinces whose proportions of urban households in core housing need were higher than the national average in 2016. New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Quebec were the provinces with the lowest proportions of urban households in core housing need in 2016. About half of urban households in core housing need, that is, 769,000 households, were living in Ontario in 2016.

Percentage of Urban Households in Core Housing Need, Canada and Provinces, 2016

Text Version

Percentage of Urban Households in Core Housing Need, Canada and Provinces, 2016
Region Percent of Urban Households in Core Housing Need
Urban Canada 13.6
Ontario 16.8
British Columbia 15.9
Nova Scotia 13.8
Manitoba 12.7
Saskatchewan 12.2
Alberta 11.7
Newfoundland and Labrador 11.3
Quebec 8.9
Prince Edward Island 8.6
New Brunswick 7.0

Source: CMHC (Canadian Income Survey-based housing indicators and data)

About 1.4 million households, or 14.0% of all households in Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs) were in core housing need in 2016. Toronto and St. Catharines-Niagara were the two CMAs that recorded the highest percentage of households in core housing need in 2016; Trois-Rivières and Moncton were the lowest.

Percentage of Households in Core Housing Need, Selected Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs), 2016

Text Version

Percentage of Households in Core Housing Need, Selected Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs), 2016
Census Metropolitan Area Percent of Households in Core Housing Need
Toronto 20.7
St. Catharines-Niagara 17.9
Vancouver 17.3
Kingston 17.2
London 16.1
Greater Sudbury 15.4
Halifax 15.3
Saskatoon 14.7
Abbotsford-Mission 14.6
Hamilton 13.7
Oshawa 13.6
Winnipeg 13.0
Guelph 12.9
Calgary 12.7
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 12.7
St. John’s 12.5
Victoria 11.3
Edmonton 11.0
Regina 10.6
Thunder Bay 10.3
Windsor 10.2
Ottawa-Gatineau 9.8
Montréal 9.8
Sherbrooke 9.2
Barrie 8.9
Brantford 8.9
Québec 8.6
Moncton 7.9
Trois-Rivières 6.3

Source: CMHC (Canadian Income Survey-based housing indicators and data)

Some 206,000 households or 11.6% of Canadian households living in the 101 Census Agglomerations (CAs) assessed were in core housing need in 2016. British Columbia CAs had the highest average incidence of households in core housing need across the regions, while Quebec CAs had the lowest.

Definition of Core Housing Need

A household is said to be in core housing need if its housing falls below at least one of the adequacy, affordability or suitability, standards and it would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (meets all three housing standards). Housing standards are defined as follow:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing costs less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and makeup of resident households according to National Occupancy Standard (NOS) requirements.

Households assessed for core housing need includes only private, non-farm, non-band, non-reserve households with incomes greater than zero and STIRs less than 100%. Urban areas include Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations.

Get more CHN data by households and rates (2012 – 2016)

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